Concept of Subtle Body ( Shukshma Sharira )

By Santosh Chaudhary, M.Sc (Physics)

Nalanda Open University 



According to some Hindu traditions, such as Samkhya and Yoga, there is a concept of subtle body (Sukshma Sharira) that is distinct from the physical body (Sthula Sharira) and the Atman. The subtle body is composed of mind (Manas), intellect (Buddhi), ego (Ahamkara), and vital energy (Prana). The subtle body is the carrier of impressions (Samskaras) and desires (Vasanas) that are accumulated from one's actions (Karma) in previous lives. The subtle body is also the vehicle of transmigration, as it moves from one physical body to another after death, until it is purified and liberated by the grace of God or by self-realization.



Some Hindu traditions, such as Advaita Vedanta, reject the idea of a separate subtle body, and instead regard the mind, intellect, ego, and vital energy as modifications or projections of the atman. According to this view, the atman itself is not affected by any impressions or desires, but only appears to be so due to ignorance or illusion (Maya). The atman is always pure, blissful, and identical to Brahman, the supreme reality. The goal of liberation is to realize this truth and dissolve the false identification with the mind and body.



Some other Hindu traditions, such as Dvaita Vedanta and Vaishnavism, accept the existence of both the subtle body and the atman, but regard them as distinct entities. According to this view, the atman is an eternal individual soul that is dependent on Brahman for its existence and liberation. The atman has a personal relationship with Brahman, who is conceived as a personal God with attributes and qualities. The subtle body is the instrument of the atman's interaction with the material world, and it carries the impressions and desires that influence the atman's destiny. The goal of liberation is to attain the grace of Brahman and enjoy his presence in a state of bliss.  



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